Vitamin Retailer : NOW Health Group References [April 09]

Science of Supplements—NOW Health Group References © VR

References: 1 Jiang Q, Christen S, Shigenaga MK, Ames BN (2001) “g-Tocopherol, the major form of vitamin E in the US diet, deserves more attention.” Am J Clin Nutr 74:714-722. 2 Schneider C (2005) “Chemistry and biology of vitamin E.” Mol Nutr Food Res 49(1):7-30. 3 Pfluger P, Kluth D, Landes N, Bumke-Vogt C, Brigelius-Flohe R (2004) “Vitamin E: underestimated as an antioxidant.” Redox Rep 9(5):249-254. 4 Liu M, Wallin R, Saldeen (2002) “Effect of mixed tocopherols on ecNOS, SOD, and PKC in leukocytes in human subjects.” Nutr Res 22:1253-1263. 5 Saldeen T, Li D, Mehta JL (1999) “Differential Effects of a- and g-Tocopherol on Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation, Superoxide Activity, Platelet Aggregation and Arterial Thrombogenesis.” J Am Coll Cardiol 34:1208-1215. 6 Packer L, Valacchi G. (2002) “Antioxidants and the response of skin to oxidative stress: vitamin E as a key indicator.” Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 15(5):282-90." 7 Sen CK, Khanna S, Roy S. (2004) “Tocotrienol: the natural vitamin E to defend the nervous system?” Ann N Y Acad Sci 1031:127-42. 8 Dial S, Eitenmiller RR. 1995. “Tocopherols and tocotrienols in key foods in the U.S. diet.” In: Ong ASH, Niki E, Packer L, eds. Nutrition, Lipids, Health, and Disease. Champaign, IL: AOCS Press. Pp. 327–342. 9 “Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids” (2000). Institute of Medicine. 10 Ahuja, Japreet KC, Goldman, Joseph D., Moshfegh, Allanna J. “Current Status of Vitamin E Nutriture.” Ann NY Acad Sci 2004 1031: 387-390. 11 Bauernfeind, J. “Tocopherols in Foods.” In: Vitamin E: A Comprehensive Treatise. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York and Basel, pp. 99-167, 1980. 12 Horwitt, M.K. “The Promotion of Vitamin E.” J. Nutr. 116:1371-1377, 1986. 13 Weber, P., Bendich, A. and Machlin, L.J. “Vitamin E and Human Health: Rationale for Determining Recommended Intake Levels.” Nutrition 13:450-460, 1997. 14 Acuff RV et al. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1998;67:459-64. 15 Acuff RV et al, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1994, 60:397-402. 16 Behrens, W.A. and Madere, R.” Tissue Discrimination between Dietary RRR-Alpha- and All-Rac-Alpha-Tocopherols in Rats.” J. Nutr. 121:454-459, 1991. 17 Burton G et al, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1998,67:669-84. 18 Ferslew, K.E., Acuff, R.V., Daigneault, E.A., Woolley, T.W. and Stanton, P.E. “Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of the RRR and All Racemic Stereoisomers of Alpha-Tocopherol in Humans after Single Oral Administration.” J. Clin. Pharmacol. 33:84-88, 1993. 19 Horwitt, M.K. “The Promotion of Vitamin E.” J. Nutr. 116:1371-1377, 1986. 20 Ogihara, T., Nishida, Y., Miki, M. and Mino, M. “Comparative Changes in Plasma and RBC Alpha-Tocopherol after Administration of dl-Alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate and d-Alpha-Tocopherol.” J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 31:169-177, 1985. 21 Traber M et al, FEBS Letters 1998,437:145-148. 22 Traber MG, et al. J Lipid Res. 1990,31(4):675-85. 23 Weiser, H. and Vecchi, M. “Stereoisomers of Alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate. II. Biopotencies of All Eight Stereoisomers, Individually or in Mixtures, as Determined by Rat Resorption-Gestation Tests.” Internat. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 52:351-370, 1982. 24 Polidori MC, Mecocci P, Stahl W, et al. “Plasma levels of lipophilic antioxidants in very old patients with type 2 diabetes.” Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2000;16:15–9. 25 Cooney RV, Franke AA, Harwood PJ, Hatch-Pigott V, Custer LJ, and Mordan LJ. “gamma-Tocopherol Detoxification of Nitrogen Dioxide: Superiority to alpha-Tocopherol.” PNAS 1993; 90: 1771-1775. 26 Morris MC, Evans DA, Tangney CC, Bienias JL, Wilson RS, Aggarwal NT, Scherr PA. “Relation of the tocopherol forms to incident Alzheimer disease and to cognitive change.” Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Feb;81(2):508-14. PMID: 15699242. 27 Inokuchi H, Hirokane H, Tsuzuki T, Nakagawa K, Igarashi M, Miyazawa T. “Anti-angiogenic activity of tocotrienol.” Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2003 Jul;67(7):1623-7. PMID: 12913317. 28 Kline K, Yu w, Sander BG, et al. “Induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by tocopherols and tocotrienols.” (1999), Nutr Cancer,33: pp. 26 – 32. 29 The Chicago Health and Aging Project, Martha Clare Morris, Denis A Evans, Christine C Tangney, Julia L Bienias, Robert S Wilson, Neelum T Aggarwal and Paul A Scherr. “Relation of the tocopherol forms to incident Alzheimer disease and to cognitive change.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 81, No. 2, 508-514, February 2005. 30 Parker RA, Pearce BC, Clark RW, Gordon DA, Wright JJ. “Tocotrienols regulate cholesterol production in mammalian cells by post-transcriptional suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase.” J Biol Chem. 1993 May 25;268(15):11230-8. PMID: 8388388. 31 Pearce BC, Parker RA, Deason ME, Qureshi AA, Wright JJ. “Hypocholesterolemic activity of synthetic and natural tocotrienols.” J Med Chem. 1992 Oct 2;35(20):3595-606. PMID: 1433170. 32 Soelaiman IN, Ahmad NS, Khalid BA. “Palm oil tocotrienol mixture is better than alpha-tocopherol acetate in protecting bones against free-radical induced elevation of bone-resorbing cytokines.” Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004 Aug;13(Suppl):S111. PMID: 15294638.

Science of Supplements—NOW Health Group References © VR

References:
1 Jiang Q, Christen S, Shigenaga MK, Ames BN (2001) “g-Tocopherol, the major form of vitamin E in the US diet, deserves more attention.” Am J Clin Nutr 74:714-722.
2 Schneider C (2005) “Chemistry and biology of vitamin E.” Mol Nutr Food Res 49(1):7-30.

3 Pfluger P, Kluth D, Landes N, Bumke-Vogt C, Brigelius-Flohe R (2004) “Vitamin E: underestimated as an antioxidant.” Redox Rep 9(5):249-254.
4 Liu M, Wallin R, Saldeen (2002) “Effect of mixed tocopherols on ecNOS, SOD, and PKC in leukocytes in human subjects.” Nutr Res 22:1253-1263.
5 Saldeen T, Li D, Mehta JL (1999) “Differential Effects of a- and g-Tocopherol on Low-Density Lipoprotein Oxidation, Superoxide Activity, Platelet Aggregation and Arterial Thrombogenesis.” J Am Coll Cardiol 34:1208-1215.
6 Packer L, Valacchi G. (2002) “Antioxidants and the response of skin to oxidative stress: vitamin E as a key indicator.” Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 15(5):282-90."
7 Sen CK, Khanna S, Roy S. (2004) “Tocotrienol: the natural vitamin E to defend the nervous system?” Ann N Y Acad Sci 1031:127-42.
8 Dial S, Eitenmiller RR. 1995. “Tocopherols and tocotrienols in key foods in the U.S. diet.” In: Ong ASH, Niki E, Packer L, eds. Nutrition, Lipids, Health, and Disease. Champaign, IL: AOCS Press. Pp. 327–342.

9 “Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids” (2000). Institute of Medicine.

10 Ahuja, Japreet KC, Goldman, Joseph D., Moshfegh, Allanna J. “Current Status of Vitamin E Nutriture.” Ann NY Acad Sci 2004 1031: 387-390.

11 Bauernfeind, J. “Tocopherols in Foods.” In: Vitamin E: A Comprehensive Treatise. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York and Basel, pp. 99-167, 1980.

12 Horwitt, M.K. “The Promotion of Vitamin E.” J. Nutr. 116:1371-1377, 1986.

13 Weber, P., Bendich, A. and Machlin, L.J. “Vitamin E and Human Health: Rationale for Determining Recommended Intake Levels.” Nutrition 13:450-460, 1997.

14 Acuff RV et al. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1998;67:459-64.

15 Acuff RV et al, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1994, 60:397-402.

16 Behrens, W.A. and Madere, R.” Tissue Discrimination between Dietary RRR-Alpha- and All-Rac-Alpha-Tocopherols in Rats.” J. Nutr. 121:454-459, 1991.

17 Burton G et al, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 1998,67:669-84.

18 Ferslew, K.E., Acuff, R.V., Daigneault, E.A., Woolley, T.W. and Stanton, P.E. “Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of the RRR and All Racemic Stereoisomers of Alpha-Tocopherol in Humans after Single Oral Administration.” J. Clin. Pharmacol. 33:84-88, 1993.

19 Horwitt, M.K. “The Promotion of Vitamin E.” J. Nutr. 116:1371-1377, 1986.

20 Ogihara, T., Nishida, Y., Miki, M. and Mino, M. “Comparative Changes in Plasma and RBC Alpha-Tocopherol after Administration of dl-Alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate and d-Alpha-Tocopherol.” J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 31:169-177, 1985.

21 Traber M et al, FEBS Letters 1998,437:145-148.

22 Traber MG, et al. J Lipid Res. 1990,31(4):675-85.

23 Weiser, H. and Vecchi, M. “Stereoisomers of Alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate. II. Biopotencies of All Eight Stereoisomers, Individually or in Mixtures, as Determined by Rat Resorption-Gestation Tests.” Internat. J. Vit. Nutr. Res. 52:351-370, 1982.

24 Polidori MC, Mecocci P, Stahl W, et al. “Plasma levels of lipophilic antioxidants in very old patients with type 2 diabetes.” Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2000;16:15–9.

25 Cooney RV, Franke AA, Harwood PJ, Hatch-Pigott V, Custer LJ, and Mordan LJ. “gamma-Tocopherol Detoxification of Nitrogen Dioxide: Superiority to alpha-Tocopherol.” PNAS 1993; 90: 1771-1775.

26 Morris MC, Evans DA, Tangney CC, Bienias JL, Wilson RS, Aggarwal NT, Scherr PA. “Relation of the tocopherol forms to incident Alzheimer disease and to cognitive change.” Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Feb;81(2):508-14. PMID: 15699242.

27 Inokuchi H, Hirokane H, Tsuzuki T, Nakagawa K, Igarashi M, Miyazawa T. “Anti-angiogenic activity of tocotrienol.” Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2003 Jul;67(7):1623-7. PMID: 12913317.

28 Kline K, Yu w, Sander BG, et al. “Induction of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells by tocopherols and tocotrienols.” (1999), Nutr Cancer,33: pp. 26 – 32.

29 The Chicago Health and Aging Project, Martha Clare Morris, Denis A Evans, Christine C Tangney, Julia L Bienias, Robert S Wilson, Neelum T Aggarwal and Paul A Scherr. “Relation of the tocopherol forms to incident Alzheimer disease and to cognitive change.” American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 81, No. 2, 508-514, February 2005.

30 Parker RA, Pearce BC, Clark RW, Gordon DA, Wright JJ. “Tocotrienols regulate cholesterol production in mammalian cells by post-transcriptional suppression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase.” J Biol Chem. 1993 May 25;268(15):11230-8. PMID: 8388388.

31 Pearce BC, Parker RA, Deason ME, Qureshi AA, Wright JJ. “Hypocholesterolemic activity of synthetic and natural tocotrienols.” J Med Chem. 1992 Oct 2;35(20):3595-606. PMID: 1433170.

32 Soelaiman IN, Ahmad NS, Khalid BA. “Palm oil tocotrienol mixture is better than alpha-tocopherol acetate in protecting bones against free-radical induced elevation of bone-resorbing cytokines.” Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004 Aug;13(Suppl):S111. PMID: 15294638.